readonly(false)を付ける
[ruby]
Post.joins(:comments).readonly(false)
[/ruby]
参照: ActiveRecordでINNER JOINするとsaveできなくなる（解決策あり）
form_helperのselectがdisabledにならない
form_helperで生成したselectは、オプションにdisabledを指定しても反映されません。
disabledにしたい場合には、HTMLオプションに指定します。
[ruby]
<%= f.select :content, options, {}, :disabled => true %>
[/ruby]
参考: RUBY ON RAILS – DISABLING A SELECT TAG USING THE SELECT HELPER
options_for_selectで、disabledを指定することもできますが、あまりこちらは使わないかも
http://apidock.com/rails/ActionView/Helpers/FormOptionsHelper/options_for_select
Rails 自動生成されるパス用メソッド(Named Path)まとめ
リソースのCRUDについては、Rails Guildの2.2 CRUD, Verbs, and Actionsにまとめられています。
よく使うところを抜粋してまとめてみます。
普通のリソース
resource :photos
| HTTP Verb | Path | action | Named Helper |
|---|---|---|---|
| GET | /photos | index | photos_path |
| GET | /photos/new | new | new_photo_path |
| POST | /photos | create | photos_path |
| GET | /photos/:id | show | edit_photo_patth(@photo) |
| GET | /photos/:id/edit | edit | photo_patth(@photo) |
| PUT | /photos/:id | update | photo_patth(@photo) |
| DELETE | /photos/:id | destroy | photo_patth(@photo) |
resourcesに独自のパスを追加
resources: :posts do
comment "/comment", on: :collection
end
このときのNamed パスは
comment_posts_path
namespeceを使った場合
namespace :admin do resources :posts, :comments end
| HTTP Verb | Path | action | named helper |
|---|---|---|---|
| GET | /admin/posts | index | admin_posts_path |
| GET | /admin/posts/new | new | new_admin_post_path |
| POST | /admin/posts | create | admin_posts_path |
| GET | /admin/posts/:id | show | admin_post_path(:id) |
| GET | /admin/posts/:id/edit | edit | edit_admin_post_path(:id) |
| PUT | /admin/posts/:id | update | admin_post_path(:id) |
| DELETE | /admin/posts/:id | destroy | admin_post_path(:id) |
ActionMailerをsendmailで動かしたい
Rails4
http://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_mailer_basics.html#example-action-mailer-configuration
Rails3.2
http://guides.rubyonrails.org/v3.2.13/action_mailer_basics.html#example-action-mailer-configuration
[ruby]
config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :sendmail
config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries = true
config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true
[/ruby]
sendmailのテスト
[bash]
$ /usr/sbin/sendmail hoge@examle.com
Test mail
[/bash]
[Ctrl+D]で送信
OCFS2でクラスタしてみる
以下のアドレスの２台のノードでクラスタを構成します。
1.2.3.1
1.2.3.2
FireWallの設定
クラスタに参加するノードはそれぞれ7777をお互いに受け入れるように設定する必要があります。
UFWなら
1.2.3.1
ufw allow from 1.2.3.2 to any port 3260
1.2.3.2
ufw allow from 1.2.3.1 to any port 3260
1台目(1.2.3.1)
$ hostname iscsi-client-01 $ sudo vi /etc/ocfs2/cluster.conf node: name = iscsi-client-01 cluster = ocfs2 number = 0 ip_address = 1.2.3.1 ip_port = 7777 node: name = iscsi-client-02 cluster = ocfs2 number = 1 ip_address = 1.2.3.2 ip_port = 7777 cluster: name = ocfs2 node_count = 2 $ sudo service o2cb restart $ sudo mount -t ocfs2 /dev/sda /mnt/ocfs2/
2台目(1.2.3.2)
$hostname iscsi-client-02 $sudo vi /etc/ocfs2/cluster.conf node: name = iscsi-client-01 cluster = ocfs2 number = 0 ip_address = 1.2.3.1 ip_port = 7777 node: name = iscsi-client-02 cluster = ocfs2 number = 1 ip_address = 1.2.3.2 ip_port = 7777 cluster: name = ocfs2 node_count = 2 $ sudo service o2cb restart $ sudo mount -t ocfs2 /dev/sda /mnt/ocfs2/
トラブルシューティング
2台目のマウントに以下のエラーで失敗した場合
mount.ocfs2: Transport endpoint is not connected while mounting /dev/sda on /mnt/ocfs2/. Check 'dmesg' for more information on this error.
/var/log/syslog エラー1
Aug 16 18:58:09 localhost kernel: [ 4520.624131] o2net: Connect attempt to node iscsi-client-01 (num 0) at 1.2.3.1:7777 failed with errno -22
以下を確認してください
- ポート7777が開いているか？
- 各nodeのip_addressは正しく設定されているか？
各ノードは自分のノードに指定してあるIPアドレスでバインドされるため、127.0.0.1などでなく実際にアクセスされるアドレスを指定します。
/var/log/syslog エラー2
Jun 22 00:14:51 isci-client-02 kernel: [17472.209613] Please double check your configuration values for 'O2CB_HEARTBEAT_THRESHOLD' Jun 22 00:14:51 isci-client-02 kernel: [17472.345474] (20121,0):o2net_check_handshake:1264 node ubuntu21 (num 0) at 1.2.3.1:7777 uses a heartbeat timeout of 238000 ms, but we use 60000 ms locally. disconnecting
ログに出ている通りO2CB_HEARTBEAT_THRESHOLDの長さが足りないので設定する
$ sudo /etc/init.d/o2cb offline $ sudo dpkg-reconfigure ocfs2-tools
O2CB heartbeat thresholdを設定
反映を確認後、起動
$ cat /sys/kernel/config/cluster/ocfs2/heartbeat/dead_threshold 61 $ sudo service o2cb start $ sudo mount -t ocfs2 /dev/sda /mnt/ocfs2/
OCFS2をUbuntu 12.04にセットアップ
OCFS2はOracle Cluster File Systemの名前の通りOracleのRACなどで使用されているファイルシステムのOpenSourceです。
以下は、最小限のセットアップ手順として1ノードで確認するものです。
[bash]
$ sudo apt-get install ocfs2-tools
$ dpkg -l ocfs2-tools
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==============-============-============-=================================
ii ocfs2-tools 1.6.4-1ubunt amd64 tools for managing OCFS2 cluster
$ sudo vi /etc/default/o2cb
O2CB_ENABLED=true
$ hostname
iscsi-client-01
$ sudo vi /etc/ocfs2/cluster.conf
node:
name = iscsi-client-01
cluster = ocfs2
number = 0
ip_address = 127.0.0.1
ip_port = 7777
cluster:
name = ocfs2
node_count = 1
$ sudo service o2cb restart
Loading filesystem "configfs": OK
Mounting configfs filesystem at /sys/kernel/config: OK
Loading stack plugin "o2cb": OK
Loading filesystem "ocfs2_dlmfs": OK
Mounting ocfs2_dlmfs filesystem at /dlm: OK
Setting cluster stack "o2cb": OK
Starting O2CB cluster ocfs2: Failed
Cluster ocfs2 created
o2cb_ctl: Internal logic failure while adding node iSCSI-Client
Stopping O2CB cluster ocfs2: OK
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/ocfs2
$ sudo mkfs.ocfs2 /dev/sda
$ sudo mount -t ocfs2 /dev/sda /mnt/ocfs2/
$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/localhost-root 13123096 1095308 11361164 9% /
udev 242108 4 242104 1% /dev
tmpfs 100648 276 100372 1% /run
none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
none 251620 0 251620 0% /run/shm
none 102400 0 102400 0% /run/user
/dev/vda1 233191 29081 191669 14% /boot
/dev/sda 104857600 2237704 102619896 3% /mnt/ocfs2
[/bash]
iSCSIイニシエータをUbuntu 12.04にセットアップ
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install open-iscsi $ dpkg -l open-iscsi Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-==============-============-============-================================= ii open-iscsi 2.0.873-3ubu amd64 High performance, transport indep $ sudo iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4:3260,1 iqn.2013-08.me.hrendoh:test.disk $ sudo iscsiadm -m node --targetname iqn.2013-08.me.hrendoh:test.disk --login Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2013-08.me.hrendoh:test.disk, portal: 1.2.3.4,3260] (multiple) Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2013-08.me.hrendoh:test.disk, portal: 1.2.3.4,3260] successful. $ sudo iscsiadm -m session tcp: [1] 1.2.3.4:3260,1 iqn.2013-08.me.hrendoh:test.disk $ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 31207 cylinders, total 31457280 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e1e29 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/vda2 501758 31455231 15476737 5 Extended /dev/vda5 501760 31455231 15476736 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/localhost-root: 13.7 GB, 13652459520 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1659 cylinders, total 26664960 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/localhost-root doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/localhost-swap_1: 2143 MB, 2143289344 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 260 cylinders, total 4186112 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/localhost-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda doesn't contain a valid partition table
iSCSI TargetをUbuntu 12.04にセットアップ
[bash]
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install iscsitarget
$ dpkg -l iscsitarget
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==============-============-============-=================================
ii iscsitarget 1.4.20.2-10u amd64 iSCSI Enterprise Target userland
$ sudo vi /etc/default/iscsitarget
ISCSITARGET_ENABLE=true
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=iscsi.img count=0 bs=1 seek=1G
$ sudo vi /etc/iet/ietd.conf
(末尾に追記)
Target iqn.2013-08.me.hrendoh:test.disk
Lun 0 Path=/home/cloudn/iscsi.img,Type=fileio
$ sudo service iscsitarget restart
* Removing iSCSI enterprise target devices: [ OK ]
* Starting iSCSI enterprise target service FATAL: Module iscsi_trgt not found.
[fail]</pre>
起動しようとするとエラー「FATAL: Module iscsi_trgt not found.」
iscsitarget-dkmsをインストールすると解消する(参考:<a href="http://www.heath-bar.com/blog/?p=203">Setup an Ubuntu iSCSI target (server)</a>)
<pre>$ sudo apt-get install iscsitarget-dkms
$ sudo service iscsitarget restart
* Removing iSCSI enterprise target devices: [ OK ]
* Starting iSCSI enterprise target service [ OK ]
[ OK ]
[/bash]
Firewallを設定
1.2.3.xのアクセスをCIDRで指定(Cloudnを利用)
Ufwなら
[bash]
$ ufw allow from 111.222.333.0/24 to any port 3260
[/bash]
追加ディスクを利用する場合
[bash]
$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 31207 cylinders, total 31457280 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000e1e29
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 501758 31455231 15476737 5 Extended
/dev/vda5 501760 31455231 15476736 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 208050 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/vdb doesn’t contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mapper/localhost-root: 13.7 GB, 13652459520 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1659 cylinders, total 26664960 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/localhost-root doesn’t contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mapper/localhost-swap_1: 2143 MB, 2143289344 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 260 cylinders, total 4186112 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/localhost-swap_1 doesn’t contain a valid partition table
$ sudo vi /etc/iet/ietd.conf
Target iqn.2013-08.me.hrendoh:test.disk
Lun 0 Path=/dev/vdb,Type=blockio
$ sudo service iscsitarget restart
[/bash]
Bulk update
Rails ActiveRecord – Batch Updates
http://apidock.com/rails/ActiveRecord/Base/update_all/class
Tag.where(:is_featured => true).each do |tag|
tag.update_attribute(:is_featured, false)
end
これだとTagオブジェクトがロードされるのでメモリーを食ってしまうので直接Update文を実行したい
Rails RDocのActiveRecord::Relation#update_allに記述されている書き方
Tag.where({:is_featured => true }).update_all({ :is_featured => false })
第二引数に条件を付けられるのでこちらの方が簡潔
Tag.update_all({ :is_featured => false }, {:is_featured => true })
どちらも実行されるSQLは同じ
UPDATE `tags` SET `is_featured` = 0 WHERE `tags`.`is_featured` = 1
Railsのgeneratorの使い方がわからない
公式ドキュメント
A Guide to The Rails Command Line 1.3 rails generate
Getting Up and Running Quickly with Scaffolding
Scafold
$ rails g scaffold Post title:string text:text
invoke active_record
create db/migrate/20130814020256_create_posts.rb
create app/models/post.rb
invoke test_unit
create test/unit/post_test.rb
create test/fixtures/posts.yml
invoke resource_route
route resources :posts
invoke scaffold_controller
create app/controllers/posts_controller.rb
invoke erb
create app/views/posts
create app/views/posts/index.html.erb
create app/views/posts/edit.html.erb
create app/views/posts/show.html.erb
create app/views/posts/new.html.erb
create app/views/posts/_form.html.erb
invoke test_unit
create test/functional/posts_controller_test.rb
invoke helper
create app/helpers/posts_helper.rb
invoke test_unit
create test/unit/helpers/posts_helper_test.rb
invoke assets
invoke coffee
create app/assets/javascripts/posts.js.coffee
invoke scss
create app/assets/stylesheets/posts.css.scss
invoke scss
create app/assets/stylesheets/scaffolds.css.scss
Controller
$ rails generate controller admin/Users
Model
Rspec